In March 1876, an anonymous letter was sent to the London publication, Academy, noting that it was strange “that no attempt should have been make to convene a Congress of librarians.” The letter was then reprinted in Publishers’ Weekly by Frederick Leypoldt and mentioned again in an issue of the Nation. From there the idea picked up momentum, drawing the attention of highly regarded librarians such as Melvil Dewey.
Conference organizers placed a “Call for a Library Conference” in various journals. Although the first call was met with varying degrees of support, by the time a second call was circulated in July, the idea garnered more enthusiasm and prominent librarians – initially hesitant to add their names – threw in their support.
The conference was held October 4-6, 1876, at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Hosted during Philadelphia’s Centennial Exposition, the conference boasted 103 librarians in attendance and provided an opportunity for librarians to exchange ideas. Dewey introduced his cataloging system, Samuel S. Green advocated for closer relationships between librarians and the public, and Lloyd P. Smith lauded the qualifications of a librarian, “A librarian should be a veritable helluo librorum, a devourer of literature from his youth up, consumed by an insatiable thirst for knowledge, and interested in a wide range of subjects.”
“A librarian should be a veritable helluo librorum, a devourer of literature from his youth up, consumed by an insatiable thirst for knowledge, and interested in a wide range of subjects.”
A resolution was passed to form the American Library Association on the final day of the conference, and a Committee on Permanent Organization put forth a constitution for a permanent association. James Barnwell, director of the Mercantile Library Company of Philadelphia, motioned for the following preamble to be added to the constitution:
“For the purpose of promoting the library interests of the country, and of increasing reciprocity of intelligence and good-will among librarians and all interested library economy and bibliographical studies, the undersigned form themselves into a body to be known as the American Library Association.”
![Lloyd Pearsall Smith, director of the Philadelphia Library Company]](https://ala150.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/150th-blog-3_Lloyd-P.-Smith-ALA0003367.jpg)
A list of officers was established for the new association, with Justin Winsor as the first ALA president; A.R. Spofford, William Poole, and Henry Homes as the vice-presidents; and Melvil Dewey was named as secretary and treasurer. Their primary function was to organize and call future meetings, though one of the first things Winsor did as president, on the behest of Dewey, was establish a Committee on the Size of Books.
The proceedings of the 1876 conference concluded with, “And thus ended, with pleasant words and good cheer, the Centennial Conference of Librarians.”[5] With this optimistic conclusion to the conference, the founding members of the ALA achieved what the attendees of the 1853 Librarians’ Convention had failed to do; create a permanent professional library association. Still, in 1876, these librarians could not have imagined the enormity of their actions or even that the association would persist 150 years later.
An unabridged version of this post is available on the ALA Archives blog, and was originally published on June 24, 2016.
